A spike bearing female flowers only, and covered with scales, is a strobilus, as in the grasses FIG. - Corymb of Cerasus Mahaleb, terminating an abortive branch, at the base of which are modified leaves in the form of scales, e. a, Primary axis; a", secondary axes bearing flowers; b, bract in the axils of which the secondary axes arise. article - Spike of Vervain Verbena officinalis, showing sessile flowers on a common flowers at the lower part of the spike have passed into fruit, those towards the middle are in full bloom, and those at the top are only in bud.

- Amentum or catkin of Flower delivery el cajon CorylusAvellana, consisting of an axis or rachis covered with bracts in the form of scales, each of which covers a male flower, the stamens of which are seen projecting beyond the catkin falls off in a mass, separating from the branch by an articulation.

there are usually numerous sessile flowers arranged in small spikes, called locustae or spikelets, which are either set closely along a central axis, or produced on secondary axes formed by the branching of the central one; to the latter form the term panicle is applied. If the primary axis, in place of being elongated, is contracted, it gives rise to other forms of indefinite the axis is so shortened that the secondary axes arise from a common point, and spread out as radii of nearly equal length, each ending in a single flower or dividing again in a similar radiating manner, an umbel is produced, as in fig.

From the primary floral axis a the secondary axes come off in a radiating or umbrella-like manner, and end in small umbels b, which are called partial umbels or inflorescence is seen in hemlock and other allied plants, which are hence called there are numerous flowers on a flattened, convex or slightly concave receptacle, having either very short pedicels or none, a a From Strasburgers Lehrbuch der Botanik, by permission of Gustav Fischer.

a, Female flowers; b, male flowers; c, hairs representing sterile flowers. article - Compound umbel of Common Dill Anethum graveolens, having a primary umbel a, and secondary umbels b, without either involucre or involucel.

capitulum head is formed, as in dandelion, daisy and other composite plants fig. 9 and the American button-bush the heads are globular, in some species of teazel elliptical, while in scabious and in composite plants, as sunflower, dandelion, thistle, centaury and marigold, they are somewhat hemispherical, with a flattened, slightly hollowed, or convex the margins of such a receptacle be developed upwards, the centre not developing, a concave receptacle is formed, which may partially or completely enclose a number of flowers that are generally gives rise to the peculiar inflorescence of Dorstenia, or to that of the fig fig.

6, where the flowers are placed on the inner surface of the hollow receptacle, and are provided with inflorescence has been called a hypanthodium. Lastly, we have what are called compound indefinite these forms the lateral shoots, developed centripetally upon the primary axis, bear numerous bracteoles, from which floral shoots arise which may have a centripetal arrangement similar to that on the mother shoot, or it may be we may have a group of racemes, arranged in a racemose manner on a common axis, forming a raceme of racemes or compound raceme, as in the same way we may have compound umbels, as in hemlock and most Umbelliferae fig.

15, a compound spike, as in rye-grass, a compound spadix, as in some palms, and a compound capitulum, as in the hen-and-chickens daisy. Again, there may be a raceme of capitula, that is, a group of capitula disposed in a racemose manner, as in Petasites, a raceme of umbels, as in ivy, and so on, all the forms of inflorescence being indefinite in Eryngium the shortening of the pedicels changes an umbel into a capitulum.

article The simplest form of the definite type of the inflorescence is seen in Anemone nemorosa and in gentianella Gentiana acaulis, where the axis terminates in a single flower, no other flowers being produced upon the is a solitary terminal other flowers were produced, they would arise as lateral shoots from the bracts below the first-formed general name of cyme is applied to the arrangement of a group of flowers in a definite inflorescence. A cymose inflorescence is an inflorescence where the primary floral axis before terminating in a flower gives off one or free flower delivery chicago lateral unifloral axes which repeat the process - the development being only limited by the vigour of the floral axes are thus centrifugally cyme, according to its development, has been characterized as biparous or fig.

16 the biparous cyme is represented in the flowering branch of the primary axis t ends in a flower, which has passed into the state of its base two leaves are produced, in each of which arise secondary axes t t, ending in single flowers, and at the base of these axes a pair of opposite leaves is produced, giving rise to tertiary axes 1" t", ending in single flowers, and so on.

The term dichasium has also been applied to this form of cyme. article In the natural order Carophyllaceae pink family the dichasial form of inflorescence is very some members of the order, as Dianthus barbatus, D.in which the peduncles are short, and the flowers closely approximated, with a centrifugal expansion, the inflorescence has the form of a contracted dichasium, and receives the name of the axes become very much shortened, the arrangement is more complicated in appearance, and the nature of the inflorescence can only be recognized by the order of opening of the Labiate plants, as the dead-nettle Lamium, the flowers are produced in the axil of each of the foliage leaves of the plant, and they appear as if arranged in a simple whorl of on examination it is found that there is a central flower expanding first, and from its axis two secondary axes spring bearing solitary flowers; the expansion is thus inflorescence is therefore a contracted dichasium, monthly flower delivery catalog flowers being sessile, or nearly so, and the clusters are called verticillasters fig.

Sometimes, especially towards the summit of a dichasium, owing to the exhaustion of the growing power of the plant, only one of the bracts gives origin to a new axis, the other remaining empty; thus the inflorescence becomes unilateral, and further development is addition to the dichasial form there are others where more than two lateral axes are produced from the primary floral axis, each of which in turn From Strasburgers Lehrbuch der Botanik, by permission of Gustav Fischer.

- Cymose inflorescence dichasium of Cerastium collinum; t-t", successive axes. produces numerous this form the terms trichasial and polychasial cyme have been applied; but these are now usually designated cymose are well seen in some species of term, anthela, has been used to distinguish such forms as occur in several species of Luzula and FIG. - Flowering stalk of the White Dead-nettle Lamium album. The bracts are like the ordinary leaves of the plant, and produce clusters of flowers in their clusters flower delivery cedarburg wi called verticillasters, and consist of flowers which are produced in flower delivery service discount coupons centrifugal manner.

article In the uniparous cyme a number of floral axes are successively developed one from the other, but the axis of each successive generation, instead of producing a pair of bracts, produces only basal portion of the consecutive axes may become much thickened and arranged more or less in a straight line, ns and thus collectively form an apparent or false axis or sympodium, and the inflorescence thus simulates a the true raceme, however, we find only a single axis, producing in succession a series of bracts, from which the floral peduncles arise as lateral shoots, and thus each flower is on the same side of the floral axis as the bract in the axil of which it is developed; but in the uniparous cyme the flower of each of these axes, the basal portions of which unite to form the false axis, is situated on the opposite side of the axis to the bract from which it apparently arises fig.

The bract is not, however, the one from which the axis terminating in the flower arises, but is a bract produced upon it, and gives origin in its axil to a new axis, the basal portion FIG. article The flowers are in heads capitula, and open from the circumference inwards in an indefinite centripetal heads of flowers, on the other hand, taken collectively, expand centrifugally - the central one a first.

of which, constituting the next part of the false axis, occupies the angle between this bract and its parent axis - the bract from which the axis really does arise being situated lower down upon the same side of the axis with uniparous cyme presents two forms, the scorpioid or cicinal and the helicoid or bostrychoid.

In the scorpioid cyme the flowers are arranged alternately in a double row along one side of the false axis fig. 19, the bracts when developed forming a second double row on the opposite side; the whole inflorescence usually curves on itself like a scorpions tail, hence its fig. 20 is shown a diagrammatic sketch of this false axis, a b c d, is formed by successive generations of unifloral axes, the flowers being arranged along one side alternately and in a double row; had the bracts been developed they would have formed a similar double row on the opposite side of the false axis; the flower delivery on 12-25-07 inflorescence is represented as curved on inflorescence in the family Boraginaceae are usually regarded as true scorpioid cymes.

article In the helicoid cyme there is also a false axis formed by the basal portion of the separate axes, but the flowers are not placed in a double row, but in a single row, and form a spiral or helix round the false Alstroemeria, as represented in fig.

18, the axis a l ends in a flower cut off in the figure and bears a the axil of this leaf, that is, between it and the primary axis a l arises a secondary axis a2, ending in a flower f Vernon bc canada flower deliveryand producing a leaf about the the axil of this leaf a tertiary floral axis a 3, ending in a flower f 3, takes this case the axes are not arranged in two rows along one side of the false axis, but are placed at regular intervals, so as to form an elongated spiral round it.

Compound definite inflorescences are by no means common, but in Streptocarpus polyanthus and in several calceolarias we probably have there are scorpioid cymes of pairs of flowers, each pair consisting of an older and a younger flower.

Forms of inflorescence occur, in which both the definite and indefinite types are represented - mixed in Composite plants,such as hawkweeds Hieracia and ragworts Senecio, fig. 21, the heads of flowers,Mixe d taken as a whole, are developed centrifugally, the terminal head first, while the florets, or small flowers on the receptacle, open centripetally, those at the circumference also in Labiatae, such as dead-nettle Lamium, the different whorls of inflorescence are developed centripetally, while the florets of the verticillaster are mixed character presents difficulties in such cases as Labiatae, where the leaves, in place of retaining their ordinary form, become bracts, and thus might lead to the supposition of the whole series of flowers being one such cases the cymes are described as spiked, racemose, or panicled, according to Saxifraga umbrosa London-pride and in the horse-chestnut we meet with a raceme of scorpioid cymes; in sea-pink, a capitulum of contracted scorpioid cymes often called a glomerulus; in laurustinus, a compound umbel of dichasial cymes; a scorpioid cyme of capitula in Vernonia so-called catkins of the birch are, in reality, spikes of contracted dichasial the bell-flower Campanula there is a racemose uniparous the privet Ligustrum vulgare there are numerous racemes of dichasia arranged in a racemose manner along an axis; the whole inflorescence thus has an appearance not unlike a bunch of grapes, and has been called a thyrsus.

article Elongated form, Forget-me-not, Symphytum, Henbane. Biparous Cyme Dichotomous,including 3-5chotomou3 Cymes Dichasium, Cymose Umbel, Anthela.

Scorpioid Cyme of Capitula, Vernonia scorpioides. Compound Umbel of Dichotomous Cymes,Laurustinus. Capitulum of contracted Scorpioid Cymes Glomerulus, Sea-pink. consists of the floral axis bearing the sporophylls carpels, usually with certain protective axis is usually very much contracted, no internodes being developed, and the portion bearing the floral leaves, termed the thalamus or torus, frequently expands into a conical, flattened or hollowed expansion; at other times, though rarely, the internodes are developed and it is this torus the parts of the flower are arranged in a crowded manner, usually forming a series of verticils, the parts of which alternate; but they are sometimes arranged spirally especially if the floral axis be a typical flower, as in fig.

22, we recognize four distinct whorls of leaves an outer whorl, the calyx of sepals; within it, another whorl, the parts alternating with those of the outer whorl, the corolla of petals; next a whorl of parts alternating with the parts of the corolla, the androecium of stamens; and in the centre the gynoecium of carpels.

23 is a diagrammatic representation of the arrangement of the parts of such a flower; it is known as a floral flower is supposed to be cut transversely, and the parts of each whorl are distinguished by a different these whorls the two internal, forming the sporophylls, constitute the essential organs of reproduction; the two outer whorls are the protective coverings or floral sepals are generally of a greenish colour; their function is mainly protective, shielding the more delicate internal organs before the flower petals are usually showy, and normally alternate with the sepals.

Sometimes, as usually in monocotyledons, the calyx and corolla are similar; in such cases the term perianth, or perigone, is applied.

Thus, in the tulip, crocus, lily, speak of the parts of the perianth, in place of corolla, although in these plants there is an outer whorl calyx, of three parts, and an inner corolla, of a similar number, alternating with the parts of the calyx are in appearance like petals they are said to be petaloid, as in some cases the petals have the appearance of sepals, then they are sepaloid, as in plants, as Nymphaea alba, where a spiral arrangement of the floral leaves occurs, it is not easy to say where the calyx ends and the corolla begins, as these two whorls pass insensibly into each both calyx and corolla are present, the plants are dichlamydeous; when one only is present, the flower is termed monochlamydeous or apetalous, having no petals fig.

Sometimes both are absent, when the flower is achlamydeous, or naked, as in outermost series of the essential organs, collectively termed the androecium, is composed of the microsporophylls known as the staminal leaves or their most differentiated form each consists of a stalk, the filament fig.

25, f, supporting at its summit the anther a, consisting of the pollen-sacs which contain the powdery pollen p, the microspores, which is ultimately discharged gynoecium or pistil is the central portion of the flower, terminating the floral consists of one or more carpels megasporophylls, either separate fig.