18, the axis a l ends in a flower cut off in the figure and bears a the axil of this leaf, that is, between it and the primary axis a l arises a secondary axis a2, ending in a flower f 2and producing a leaf about the the axil of this leaf a tertiary floral axis a 3, ending in a flower f 3, takes this case the axes are not arranged in two rows along one side of the false axis, but are placed at regular intervals, so as to form an elongated spiral round it.

Compound definite inflorescences are by no means common, but in Streptocarpus polyanthus and in several calceolarias we probably have there are scorpioid cymes of pairs of flowers, each pair consisting of an older and a younger flower.

Forms of inflorescence occur, in which both the definite and indefinite types are represented - mixed in Composite plants,such as hawkweeds Hieracia and ragworts Senecio, fig. 21, the heads of flowers,Mixe d taken as a whole, are developed centrifugally, the terminal head first, while the florets, or small flowers on the receptacle, open centripetally, those at the circumference also in Labiatae, such as dead-nettle Lamium, the different whorls of inflorescence are developed centripetally, while the florets of the verticillaster are mixed character presents difficulties in such cases as Labiatae, where the leaves, in place of retaining their ordinary form, become bracts, and thus might lead to the supposition of the whole series of flowers being one such cases the cymes are described as spiked, racemose, or panicled, according to Saxifraga umbrosa London-pride and in the horse-chestnut we meet with a raceme of scorpioid cymes; in sea-pink, a capitulum of contracted scorpioid cymes often local flowers delivery a glomerulus; in laurustinus, local flowers delivery compound umbel of dichasial cymes; a scorpioid cyme of capitula in Vernonia so-called catkins of the birch are, in reality, spikes of contracted dichasial the bell-flower Campanula there is local flowers delivery racemose uniparous the privet Ligustrum vulgare there are numerous racemes of dichasia arranged in a racemose manner along an axis; the whole inflorescence local flowers delivery has an appearance not unlike a bunch of grapes, and has been called a thyrsus.

article Elongated form, Forget-me-not, Symphytum, Henbane. Biparous Cyme Dichotomous,including 3-5chotomou3 Cymes Dichasium, Cymose Umbel, Anthela. Scorpioid Cyme of Capitula, Vernonia scorpioides. Compound Umbel of Dichotomous Cymes,Laurustinus. Capitulum of contracted Scorpioid Cymes Glomerulus, Sea-pink. consists of the floral axis bearing the sporophylls carpels, usually with certain protective axis is usually very much contracted, no internodes being developed, and the portion bearing the floral leaves, termed the thalamus or torus, frequently expands into a conical, flattened or hollowed expansion; at other times, though rarely, the gift hawaiian flower delivery are developed local flowers delivery it is this torus the parts of the flower are arranged in a crowded manner, usually forming a series of verticils, the parts of which alternate; but they are sometimes arranged spirally especially if the floral axis be a typical flower, as in fig.

22, we recognize four distinct whorls of leaves an outer whorl, the calyx of sepals; within it, another whorl, the parts alternating with those of the outer whorl, the corolla of petals; next a whorl of parts alternating with the parts of the corolla, the androecium of stamens; and in the centre the gynoecium of carpels. 23 is a diagrammatic representation of the arrangement of the parts of such a flower; it is known as a floral flower is supposed to be cut transversely, and the parts of local flowers delivery whorl are distinguished by a different these whorls the two internal, forming the sporophylls, constitute the essential organs of reproduction; the two outer whorls are the protective coverings or floral sepals are generally of a greenish colour; their function is mainly protective, shielding the more delicate internal organs before the flower petals are usually showy, and normally alternate with the sepals.

Sometimes, as usually in monocotyledons, the calyx and corolla are similar; in such cases the term perianth, or perigone, is applied. Gatlinburg flower delivery, in the tulip, crocus, lily, speak of the parts of the perianth, in place of corolla, although in these plants there is an outer whorl calyx, of three parts, and local flowers delivery inner corolla, of a similar number, alternating with the parts of the calyx are in appearance like petals they are said to be petaloid, as in some cases the local flowers delivery have the appearance of sepals, then they are sepaloid, as in plants, as Nymphaea alba, where a spiral arrangement of local flowers delivery floral leaves occurs, it is not easy to say where the calyx ends and the corolla begins, as these two whorls pass insensibly into each both calyx and corolla are present, the plants are dichlamydeous; when one only is present, the flower is termed monochlamydeous or apetalous, having no petals fig.

Sometimes both are absent, when the flower is achlamydeous, or naked, as in outermost series of the essential organs, collectively termed the androecium, is composed of the microsporophylls known as the staminal leaves or their most differentiated form each consists of a stalk, the filament fig.

25, f, supporting at its summit the anther a, consisting of the pollen-sacs which contain the powdery pollen p, the microspores, which is ultimately discharged gynoecium or pistil is the central portion of the flower, terminating the floral consists of one or more carpels megasporophylls, either separate fig.

The parts distinguished in the pistil are the ovary fig. The androecium and gynoecium are not present in all both are present the flower is hermaphrodite; and in descriptive botany such a flower is indicated by the symbol l. When only one of those organs is present the flower is unisexual or diclinous, and is either male staminate, jor female pistillate, ?.

A local flowers delivery then normally consists of the four series of leaves - calyx, corolla, androecium and gynoecium - and when these are all present the flower is are usually densely crowded upon the thalamus, but in some instances, after apical growth has ceased in the axis, local flowers delivery elongation of portions of the receptacle by intercalary growth occurs, by which changes in the position of the parts may be brought in Lychnis an elongation of the axis betwixt the calyx and the corolla takes place, and in this way they are separated by an interval.

Again, in the passion-flower Passiflora the stamens are separated from the corolla by an elongated portion of the axis, which has consequently been termed the andro phone, and in Passiflora also, fraxinella fig.

27, Capparidaceae, and some other plants, the ovary is raised upon a distinct stalk termed the gynophore; it is thus separated from the stamens, and is said to be the successive whorls of the flower, disposed from below upwards or from without inwards upon the floral axis, are of the same number of parts, or are local flowers delivery multiple of the same number of parts, those of one whorl alternating with those of the whorls next it.

article In the more primitive types of flowers the torus is more or less convex, and the series of organs follow in regular succession, culminating in the carpels, in the formation of which the growth of the axis is closed fig. This arrangement is known as hypogynous, the other series calyx, corolla and stamens being beneath hypo- the other cases, the apex of the growing point ceases to develop, and the parts below form a cup around it, from the rim of which the outer members of the flower are developed around peri- the carpels, which are formed from the apex of the growing-point at the bottom of the arrangement is known as perigynous local flowers delivery. In many cases this is carried farther and a cavity is formed which is roofed over The flower stamens and FIG.

- Monochlamydeous apetalous flower of Goosefoot Chenopodium, consisting of a single perianth calyx of five parts, enclosing five stamens, which are local flowers delivery the divisions of the perianth, owing to the absence of the petals.

Local flowers delivery Stamen, consisting of a filament stalk f and an anther a, containing the pollen p, which is discharged through local flowers delivery in the two lobes of the anther.

article Local flowers delivery pistil is placed on the receptacle r, at the extremity of the peduncle. - Calyx and pistil of Fraxinella Dictamnus Fraxinella. The pistil local flowers delivery of several carpels, which are elevated on a stalk or gynophore prolonged from the receptacle. by the carpels, so that the outer members of the flower spring from the edge of the receptacle which is immediately above the ovary epigynous, hence the term epigyny fig.

When a flower consists of parts arranged in whorls it local flowers delivery said to be cyclic, and if all the whorls have an equal number of parts and are alternate it is eucyclic figs. In Symmetry contrast to local flowers delivery cyclic flowers are those, as in Magnoli of the flower.

aceae, where the parts are in spirals acyclic. Flowers which are cyclic at one portion and spiral at another, as in many Ranunculaceae, are termed spiral flowers the distinction into series is by no means easy, and usually there is a gradual passage from sepaloid through petaloid to staminal parts, as in the water-lily family, Nymphaeaceae figs.

3 1, 32, although in some plants there is no such distinction, the FIG. local flowers delivery 32, successive stages, a-f, in the transition from petals to stamens. Normally, the parts of successive whorls alternate; but flower delivery in mass some cases we find the parts local flowers delivery one whorl opposite or superposed to those of the next some cases, as in the vine-family Ampelidaceae, this seems to be the ordinary mode of development, but the superposition of the stamens on flower delivery van grapics sepals in many plants, as in the pink family, Caryophyllaceae, is due to the suppression or abortion of the whorl of petals, and this idea is borne out by the development, in some plants of the order, of the suppressed a rule, whenever we find local flowers delivery parts of one whorl superposed on those of another we may suspect some abnormality.

A flower is said to be symmetrical when each of its whorls consists of an equal number of local flowers delivery, or when the local flowers delivery of any one whorl are multiples of that preceding it.

Thus, a symmetrical flower may have five sepals, five petals, five stamens and five carpels, or the number of any of these parts may be ten, twenty or some multiple of five. 23 is a diagram of a symmetrical flower, with five parts in each whorl, alternating with each other. 33 is a diagram of a symmetrical flower of stone-crop, with five sepals, five alternating petals, ten stamens and five the number of parts in the staminal whorl is double that in the others, and in such a case the additional five local flowers delivery form a second row alternating with the the staminal whorl especially it local flowers delivery common to find additional rows.

34 shows local flowers delivery symmetrical flower, with five parts in the three outer rows, and ten divisions in the this case it is the gynoecium which has an additional number of parts. 35 shows a flower of heath, with four divisions of the calyx and corolla, eight stamens in two rows, and four divisions of the fig. article 36 there are local flowers delivery parts in each whorl; and in fig.

37 there are three divisions of the calyx, corolla and pistil, and six stamens in two all these cases the flower is Monocotyledons it is usual for the staminal whorl to be double, it rarely having more than two rows, whilst amongst dicotyledons there are often very numerous rows of floral envelopes are rarely in which the number of parts in each whorl is the same, are isomerous of equal number; when the number in local flowers delivery of the whorls is different, the flower is anisomerous of unequal number.

The pistillate whorl is very liable to frequently happens that when it is fully formed, the number of its parts is not local flowers delivery conformity with that of the other local flowers delivery circumstances, however, a flower has been called symmetrical, provided the parts of the other whorls are normal, - the permanent state of the pistil not being taken into account in determining fig. 38 shows a pentamerous symmetrical flower, with dimerous pistil.

Symmetry, then, in botanical language, has reference to a certain definite numerical relation of parts. Local flowers delivery flower in which the parts are arranged in twos is called dimerous; when the parts of the whorls are three, four or five, the flower is trimerous, tetramerous or pentamerous, symmetry which is most commonly met with is trimerous and pentamerous - the former occurring generally among monocotyledons, the latter among and tetramerous symmetry occur also among dicotyledons.

article The various parts of the flower have a certain definite relation to the axis. 35, one sepal is next the axis, and is called superior or posterior; another is next the bract, and is inferior or anterior, and the other two are lateral; and certain terms are used to indicate canada sympathy flower delivery position. A plane passing through the anterior and posterior sepal and through the floral axis is termed the median plane of the flower; local flowers delivery plane cutting it at right angles, and passing through the lateral sepals, is the lateral plane; whilst the planes which bisect the ?.

11 4lll!0 FIG. - Diagrammatic section of a symmetrical pentamerous flower of Stone-crop Sedum, consisting of five sepals s, five petals p alternating with the sepals, ten stamens a in two rows, and five carpels c containing dark lines d on the outside of the carpels are glands.

- Diagram of the flower of Flax Linum, consisting local flowers delivery five sepals s, five petals p, local flowers delivery stamens a, and five carpels c, each of which is partially divided into dots represent a whorl of stamens which has is pentamerous, complete, symmetrical and regular.

article - Diagram of the symmetrical trimerous flower of Fritillary Fritillaria. - Diagram local flowers delivery the flower of Saxifrage Saxifraga tridactylites. The calyx local flowers delivery corolla consist of five parts, the stamens local flowers delivery ten in two rows, while the pistil has only two parts developed.