A, Primary axis; a", secondary axes bearing flowers; b, bract in the axils of which the secondary axes arise. article - Spike of Vervain Verbena officinalis, showing sessile flowers on a common flowers at the lower part of the spike have passed into fruit, those towards the middle are in full bloom, and those at the top are only in bud.

- Amentum or catkin of Hazel CorylusAvellana, consisting of an axis or rachis covered with bracts in the form of scales, each of which covers a male flower, the stamens of which are seen projecting beyond the catkin falls off in a mass, separating from the branch by an articulation. there are usually numerous sessile flowers arranged in small spikes, called locustae or spikelets, which are flower delivery 24 7 set closely along a central axis, or produced on secondary axes formed by the branching of the central one; to the latter form the term panicle is applied.

If the primary axis, in place of being elongated, is contracted, it gives rise to other forms of indefinite the axis is so shortened that the secondary axes arise from a common point, and spread out as radii of nearly equal length, each ending in a single flower or dividing again in a similar radiating manner, an umbel is produced, as in fig.

From the primary floral axis a the secondary axes come off in a radiating or umbrella-like manner, and end in small umbels b, which are called partial umbels or inflorescence is seen in hemlock and other allied plants, which are hence called there are numerous flowers on a flattened, convex or slightly concave receptacle, having either very short pedicels or none, a a From Strasburgers Lehrbuch der Botanik, by permission of Gustav Fischer. a, Female flowers; b, male flowers; c, hairs representing sterile flowers.

article - Compound umbel of Common Dill Anethum graveolens, having a primary umbel a, and secondary umbels b, without either involucre or involucel. capitulum head is formed, as in dandelion, daisy and other composite plants fig. 9 and the American button-bush the heads are globular, in some species of teazel elliptical, while in scabious and in composite plants, as sunflower, dandelion, thistle, centaury and marigold, they are somewhat hemispherical, with a flattened, slightly hollowed, or convex the margins of such a receptacle be developed upwards, the centre not developing, a concave receptacle is formed, which may partially or completely enclose a number of flowers that are generally gives rise to the peculiar inflorescence of Dorstenia, or to that of the fig fig.

6, where the flowers are placed on the inner surface of the hollow receptacle, and are provided with inflorescence has been called a hypanthodium. Lastly, we have what are called compound indefinite these forms the lateral shoots, developed centripetally upon the primary axis, bear numerous bracteoles, from which floral shoots arise which may have a centripetal arrangement similar to that on the mother shoot, or it may be we may have a group of racemes, arranged in a racemose manner on a common axis, forming a raceme of racemes or compound raceme, as in the same way we may have compound umbels, as in hemlock and most Umbelliferae fig.

15, a compound spike, as in rye-grass, a compound spadix, as in some palms, and a compound capitulum, as in the hen-and-chickens daisy. Again, there may be a raceme of capitula, that is, a group of capitula disposed in a racemose manner, as in Petasites, a raceme of umbels, as in ivy, and so on, all the forms of inflorescence being indefinite in Eryngium the shortening of the pedicels changes an umbel into a capitulum.

article The simplest form of the definite type of the inflorescence is seen in Anemone nemorosa and in gentianella Gentiana acaulis, where the axis terminates in a single flower, no other flowers being produced upon the is a solitary terminal other flowers were produced, they would arise as lateral shoots from the bracts below the first-formed general name of cyme is applied to the arrangement of a group of flowers in a definite inflorescence.

A cymose inflorescence is an inflorescence where the primary floral axis before terminating in a flower gives off one or more lateral unifloral axes which repeat the process - the development being only limited by the vigour of the floral axes are thus centrifugally cyme, according to its development, has been characterized as biparous or fig.

16 the biparous cyme is represented in the flowering branch of the primary axis t ends in a flower, which has passed into the state of its base two leaves are produced, in each of which arise secondary axes t t, ending in single flowers, and at the base of these axes a pair of opposite leaves is produced, giving rise to tertiary axes 1" t", ending in single flowers, and so on.

The term dichasium has also been applied to this form of cyme. article In the natural order Carophyllaceae pink family the dichasial form of inflorescence is very some members of the order, as Dianthus barbatus, D.in which the peduncles are short, and the flowers closely approximated, with a centrifugal expansion, the inflorescence has the form of a contracted dichasium, and receives the name of the axes become very much shortened, the arrangement is more complicated in appearance, and the nature of the inflorescence can only be recognized by the order of opening of the Labiate plants, as the dead-nettle Lamium, the flowers are produced in the axil of each of the foliage leaves of the plant, and they appear as if arranged in a simple whorl of on examination it is found that there is a central flower expanding first, and from its axis two secondary axes spring bearing solitary flowers; the expansion is thus inflorescence is therefore a contracted dichasium, the flowers being sessile, or nearly so, and the clusters are called verticillasters fig.

Sometimes, especially towards the summit of a dichasium, owing to the exhaustion of the growing power of the plant, only one of the bracts gives origin to a new axis, the other remaining empty; thus the inflorescence becomes unilateral, and further development is addition to the dichasial form there are others where more than two lateral axes are produced from the primary floral axis, each of which in turn From Strasburgers Lehrbuch der Botanik, by permission of Gustav Fischer.

- Cymose inflorescence dichasium of Cerastium collinum; t-t", successive axes. produces numerous this form the terms trichasial and polychasial cyme have been applied; but these are now usually designated cymose are well seen in some species of term, anthela, has been used to distinguish such forms as occur in several species of Luzula and FIG.

- Flowering stalk of the White Dead-nettle Lamium album. The bracts are like the ordinary leaves of the plant, and produce clusters of flowers in their clusters are called verticillasters, and consist of flowers which are produced in a centrifugal manner.

article In the uniparous cyme a number of floral axes are successively developed one from the other, but the axis of each successive generation, instead of producing a pair of bracts, produces only basal portion of the consecutive axes may become much thickened and arranged more or less in a straight line, ns and thus collectively form an apparent or false axis or sympodium, and the inflorescence thus simulates a the true raceme, however, we find only a single axis, producing in succession a series of bracts, from which the floral peduncles arise as lateral shoots, and thus each flower is on the same side of the floral axis as the bract in the axil of which it is developed; but in the uniparous cyme the flower of each of these axes, the basal portions of which unite to form the false axis, is situated on the opposite side of the axis to the bract from which it apparently arises fig.

The bract is not, however, the one from which the axis terminating in the flower arises, but is a bract produced upon it, and gives origin in its axil to a new axis, the basal portion FIG. article The flowers are in heads capitula, and open from the circumference inwards in an indefinite centripetal heads of flowers, on the other hand, taken collectively, expand centrifugally - the central one a first. of which, constituting the next part of the false axis, occupies the angle between this bract and its parent axis - the bract from which the axis really does arise being situated lower down upon the same side of the axis with uniparous cyme presents two forms, the scorpioid or cicinal and the helicoid or bostrychoid.

In the scorpioid cyme the flowers are arranged alternately in a double row along one side of the false axis fig. 19, the bracts when developed forming a second double row on the opposite side; the whole inflorescence usually curves on itself like a scorpions tail, hence its fig.

20 is shown a diagrammatic sketch of this false axis, a b c d, is formed by successive generations of unifloral axes, the flowers being arranged along one side alternately and in a double flowers delivery brazil had the bracts been developed they would have formed a similar double row on the opposite side of the false axis; the whole inflorescence is represented as curved on inflorescence in the family Boraginaceae are usually regarded as true scorpioid cymes.